Wednesday, February 20, 2013

Milk Virtual Goats For Womens? Rights In This New Facebook Game

radhika-gameInstead of spending to grow virtual crops faster, Facebook gamers can turn those purchases into donations for cattle donations and fistula operations in the developing world. A new Facebook game coming to the platform in a few weeks is all about womens’ rights. Based on The New York Times’ Nicholas Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn’s book about women, it’s called Half The Sky and is the fruit of a collaboration between a non-profit Games For Change and Canada’s Frima Studios, which is one of the bigger independent developers in the country. While there have been a few early projects in gaming for social causes like Darfur is Dying and social entrepreneurship game Urgent Evoke, it’s still a pretty new genre. Games For Change’s co-president Asi Rudak says that non-profits often turn to dinners and galas to raise money and awareness of humanitarian issues. And yet, games can have a much farther reach with millions of players. Games For Change put out a $1 million request for proposal and invited different game developers to suggest concepts. They raised the funds from institutions like the Rockefeller Foundation, Intel, United Nations Foundation and the National Endowment for the Arts. Frima’s bid won. “Our vision has always been to think about games not only as entertainment, but as a way to modify behavior or teach things,” said Frima’s CEO Steve Couture. In their game, a young woman named Radhika has to go through the everyday struggles that women in the developing world confront. She realizes her daughter is very sick, but her husband doesn’t have money to take her to a doctor. Radhika has to find a way to make the money for medical treatment. “There’s a range of stories. Every time, she becomes more successful and more independent,” Rudak says. She buys a virtual goat, start to sell the milk and through that, starts her own small business. Eventually, that brings her on a journey around the world through India, Kenya, Vietnam, Afghanistan and the U.S. “The real worlds and virtual worlds are intertwined,” Rudak says. For example, when Radhika buys a goat, a player can make a donation to Heifer International. Or when she gets her daughter treated, the player can make a vaccine donation to the UN. Bigger partners like Pearson and Johnson & Johnson have offered to do book or surgical operation donations if enough players trigger them. Zynga has also

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/B8yJooyqT48/

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Egypt brokering talks between Hamas and Israel on humanitarian issues

BETHLEHEM (Ma?an) ? For the second time in a week, Israeli security officials visited Cairo for talks with Egyptian officials focusing on the ceasefire brokered by Egypt last year between Israel and the Palestinian factions operating in the Gaza Strip.

A high-level Hamas official told Ma?an that the ongoing Egypt-brokered negotiations between Israel and the Islamist movement do not address ?political issues but rather pure humanitarian issues.?

He explained that the talks were meant to consolidate the ceasefire terms and highlighted that Israel has been violating these terms recently on a daily basis.

The official, who spoke on condition of anonymity, dismissed claims that the ongoing talks were related to a comprehensive agreement upon which Israel could end Gaza blockade and open all crossings in exchange for demolishing all smuggling tunnels.

He highlighted that the Egypt authorities started to demolish tunnels unilaterally despite Hamas? opposition. Hamas, he added, asked Egypt to provide alternatives on the ground to the underground tunnels. ?However, the Egyptians are convinced that the tunnels are used to smuggle weapons, but that isn?t true,? added the official.

Asked about the daily announcements by the Egyptians about seizing weapons and explosives, he says there is exaggeration and misrepresentation by Egyptian media: ?We control the tunnels and monitor everything that comes in and out.?

According to the source, Hamas submitted through the Egyptians a report about Israel?s violations of the ceasefire agreement in the northern and the southern Gaza Strip. The report also included incidents of shooting on Gaza fishermen, and requested entry of more goods into Gaza, he added.

Also Tuesday, Israeli sources reported that an agreement is being negotiated between Hamas and Israel upon which Israel will end the Gaza blockade in exchange for halting weapons to Hamas. Smuggling tunnels will also be demolished as part of the deal, according to the Israeli sources.

However senior Hamas official Mahmoud Zahhar told reporters Tuesday that there are ongoing negotiations between the Egyptians and Israel. These negotiations are related only to the border crossings agreement, the hunger striking prisoners in Israeli jails, and getting Israel to comply with the ceasefire agreement signed last year.

?We are not negotiating core issues such as land and Jerusalem, but rather humanitarian issues,? he said.

Similarly, deputy chief of Hamas? politburo Mousa Abu Marzouq denied there were indirect negotiations between a Hamas? delegation and Israeli security officials through Egyptian officials.

?These are mere lies circulated by the Israelis,? he said.

Source: http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=566990

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Gently Used Figure and Hockey Skates Wanted for Superior Ice ...

Oli Scarff/Getty Images

The City of Superior Parks & Recreation Division is seeking the donation of gently used hockey and figure skates for an Ice Skate Drive.

These skates will be placed at the City skating shelters to encourage skating by children of all levels and experience.

Skates will be accepted between February 11th ? February 28th at the following skate shelters on weekdays from 4 pm ? 10 pm. Weekends from 1 pm ? 9 pm.

  • Allouez: 3631 E. 2nd Street
  • Billings Park: 18th Street and New York Avenue
  • Carl Gullo: 510 ? 26th Avenue E.
  • Pattison: 1016 Faxon Street
  • Red Barn: 901 E. 6th Street
  • South End: 5902 Weeks Avenue
  • Wade Bowl: 1228 Clough Avenue

Additonally, Play It Again Sports will also accept them from 10 am ? 8 pm Monday ? Friday. 10am ? 6 pm on Saturday and 10 am ? 5 pm on Sunday.

The winter skating program offers outdoor pleasure skating and hockey in a supervised setting. In a typical year, the Parks & Rec Division receives upwards of 5,000 visits by youth, families and young adults.

?

Source: http://mix108.com/gently-used-figure-and-hockey-skates-wanted-for-superior-ice-skate-drive/

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Tuesday, February 19, 2013

Colornote Notepad Takes and Saves Notes, Puts them on Your Home Screen for Easy Access

Colornote Notepad Takes and Saves Notes, Puts them on Your Home Screen for Easy Access Android: There are plenty of note-taking apps for Android, but Colornote Notepad has a few unique features that make it easy and fun. The app itself makes taking, saving, and organizing notes easy, but you can put your notes on your home screen as widgets for easy access?grocery lists, shopping lists, and to-dos are all one-tap away, and you can use the widgets to open them in the app, or cross items off without even leaving your home screen.

Colornote is a simple, color-coded note taking app that also uses sticky note style homescreen widgets to give you quick access to your note from your home screen. You take your notes on a stylized notepad, and can organize them by color and category so they stand out easily. Assign your notes due-dates so they land on your calendar and organize themselves, and then add your notes on your phone's home screen like sticky notes so you can open them with a tap, or you can cross items or to-dos off of your lists quickly.

Colornote is free, and while it lacks some of the features that our favorite syncing note takers for Android have, it does make taking and organizing your notes incredibly easy. You can sync your notes between Android devices or to the developer's servers if you choose, but it's not required. It's available now at Google Play.

Colornote Notepad (Free) | Google Play

Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/lifehacker/full/~3/7J4ukxXSlE4/colornote-notepad-takes-and-saves-notes-puts-them-on-your-home-screen-for-easy-access

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Is Apple putting Podcast out to pasture?

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Do you like Apple's current ad trajectory touting product, content, or would you prefer more acerbic ads tackling shortcomings of competitors? Cast your vote in "Today's Poll..." in the left column below or go straight to the results here.

Monday Highlights: As the U.S. celebrates President's Day, Apple said to be in violation of SEC laws by Einhorn's Greenlight Capital; at TechCrunch, Peter Relan, predicts the Post-PC era will be dominated by Android, with Google continuing "to reign supreme and snatch markets from Apple, Microsoft and Amazon with the help of its partner Samsung"; Business Insider explains how Apple is being out-innovated by Samsung; Apple among other companies facing "tax reform in UK, France, Germany"; Opera is moving to WebKit, also purchases company which brought Adobe's Flash to iOS; Macworld explains steps to take if your Mac won't turn on; do you use Fast User Switching on your Mac? If not, Rob Griffiths says you should; review of Stellar Phoenix Mac Data Recovery; Charles Moore reviews Mac Backup Guru; Gene Steinberg expects we're about to get a preview of OS X 10.9 really soon; Kate MacKenzie says the winds of change are a'blowin' when it comes to OS X, iOS; IDC statistics show iOS, Android account for 91% of smartphone market worldwide; Apple releases a couple new TV advertisements, some bloggers aren't exactly thrilled; Jonny Evans says the point is that Apple has squarely "put apps at the heart of the tablet wars", more in our General Interest, and Op/Ed sections; if you missed the news, apparently Office 2013 can only be installed on a single PC for the life of that PC; Business Insider reviews the new Mailbox iPhone app, InfoWorld demonstrates how to build a home media center around the Apple TV; Mactuts+ shows how to install new RAM on your iMac; PadGadget offers some tips for iPad keyboard shortcuts.

Today's MacUpdate Promo offers 30% savings on Civilization V: Gold Edition 1.0.2.21. "Civilization V: Gold Edition includes the fifth installment of the bestselling strategy game along with 11 thrilling expansion packs. Achieve victory through research, diplomacy, expansion, economic development and political conquest. A feast for the mind, Civilization V immerses you in a world of large-scale simulation unlike any you?ve ever encountered."

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  • "An Inside Look at Apple's Stringent Security Practices: NDAs and Lockdowns keep workers from spilling secrets."?IGN?7:56 PM
  • "At Apple, Everybody's Working For (And On) The Weekend"?Business Insider?2:53 PM
  • "New quick app switching & other concepts show options on the table for iOS 7 [Videos]?9 to 5 Mac?12:58 PM
  • "As Irrational Exuberance Fades, Apple Skeptics Make A Comeback"?BGR?12:57 PM
  • "How switching to Android helped me deal with my addiction to connectedness/There are many things I like better about my Android phone compared to my old iPhone, but one of the big ones is something that is missing: namely, all those irritating real-time notifications"?GigaOM?11:51 AM
  • "Even Apple Gets Stung by Bureaucracy"?Forbes?11:05 AM
  • "The False Burdens Of Apple's iOS"?iHKDesigns?8:36 AM
  • "Apple's new iPad ads: No Samsung jokes (well, maybe one)"?CNET News?2:16 PM
  • "Apple Has Two New iPad Ads That Completely Ignore Samsung"?Business Insider?8:16 AM
  • "Apple's new subliminal TV ads: Samsung has been teasing Apple on TV. The latest iPad ads don't rise to the bait."?Fortune?8:03 AM
  • "What's Wrong With Apple's TV Ads Lately?"?Forbes?8:00 AM
  • "Can Apple make a smart watch?"?iSource?7:49 PM
  • "Apple iWatch Speculation Continues"?AppleBitch?1:02 PM
  • "Apple iWatch vs. Google Glasses: The Next UI Battle"?Tech.pinions?10:27 AM
  • "What if iWatch isn't actually an Apple smart watch, but an aptly named TV?"?iDownload Blog?9:48 AM
  • "The ultimate Apple iWatch concept"?Pocket-lint?7:51 AM
  • "Will Apple Envy Be The Undoing Of Microsoft, Google, Amazon And Samsung?"?BohemianBoomer?7:36 AM
  • "If Apple Is Not A Hardware Company Or A Software Company, What Is It?"?TeraTalks?7:34 AM
Non-Apple
  • "The Brain is Not Computable: A leading neuroscientist says Kurzweil's Singularity isn't going to happen. Instead, humans will assimilate machines."?Technology Review?11:52 AM
  • "Samsung To Reportedly Unveil Galaxy S IV On March 14th In New York"?BGR?10:11 AM
  • "The Ultimate Android Tablet: Meet the Microsoft Surface Pro"?Nerd Vittles?8:08 AM
Humor/Cartoons
  • "What really happened with that New York Times Tesla."?The Joy of Tech [cartoon]?7:37 AM
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Source: http://www.macsurfer.com/redirr.php?u=763373

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N.Y. TV anchor accused of choking wife at Conn. home

DARIEN, Conn. (AP) ? A New York television news anchor fought with his wife and then choked her at their home and threatened her even after he was arrested, police said.

Officers received a call early Sunday morning from WCBS-TV anchor Rob Morrison's mother-in-law about what was going on at the couple's home in Darien, police said. Morrison had been belligerent toward his wife, CBS financial news anchor Ashley Morrison, throughout the night and ended up with his hands wrapped around her neck, leaving red marks, they said.

The arresting officers said they heard Rob Morrison threaten to do his wife more harm while they were processing him. They said his wife didn't seek medical attention.

A police mug shot of Morrison shows him with what appear to be a bloody cut on the bridge of his nose and a nasty bruise on his swollen bottom lip.

Morrison, who posted $100,000 bond, was due in court Tuesday. He faced charges of strangulation, threatening and disorderly conduct.

The couple's attorney said in a statement Monday they are cooperating fully with authorities in this "unfortunate incident."

"The Morrisons are confident that a full review of this matter will show that the allegations have been greatly exaggerated," attorney Robert Skovgaard said in the statement.

Rob Morrison, who has been a combat correspondent and was a reporter and anchor for WNBC-TV, anchors WCBS-TV's news programs "This Morning" and "News at Noon." Ashley Morrison worked for Bloomberg Television before joining "CBS MoneyWatch." The couple has a young son.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/ny-tv-anchor-accused-choking-wife-conn-home-030529872.html

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Dixie State College Becomes A University

By Amy Nay
(KUTV) Utah has a brand new university to boast. And Governor Gary Herbert's doing just that. The governor was in St. George at the Eccles Fine Arts Center Saturday where he signed the bill making Dixie State College Dixie State University.
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"I'm very proud of this moment," said the Governor to a standing room only crowd, "This is a great day for the entire state of Utah. It shows
growth in our great state and our improved quality of life. It also shows how important education is for our future."
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A rousing rendition of the school song broke out during the Governor's comments, led by St. George Mayor Daniel MacArthur.

Some of the words as follows: If you're from Santa Clara, Washington or St. George, fine. Anything below the Iron County line. Then, you're from Dixie. HURRAH for Dixie. I'm from Dixie too!

"What a great day for Dixie!," Mayor MacArthur says the lyrics fit so well with Saturday's event with its unifying words mentioning all the communities positively impacted by the school. The Mayor says those boundaries should now be expanded, "Now that we're a university, we're universal!"
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"What a thrill to be part of something that's really significant for the community," President Stephen Nadauld told 2News, "Something so many people have been looking forward to for so long.

He says the school has already grown, adding nearly two dozen bachelor's degrees, 61 faculty positions and a nearly 53 percent student increase.

He says they'll continue in that direction, with plans to add new master's degrees and more. "We'll be a major force in Utah and a huge, huge force in this region."

Speakers thanked Utah's pioneers who persevered to settle this region, saying Saturday's historic signing was some 150 years in the making.
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There was no mention of any of the controversy over the name Dixie. In the weeks and months leading up to the school getting its university status, the name has been debated.

Students raised concerns about the possible racist connotations Dixie may have - often affiliated with the South and slavery.

But major donors spoke out in favor of the name, threatening to pull their support if it changed. Community members made their voices heard and last month, the school?s board of trustees voted unanimously to retain the name despite its controversial associations with the Southern Confederacy.

This week at the state capitol, a brief debate was held in the House of Representatives, but the bill HB61 passed. It went on to the Senate where it passed, as well. With Governor Herbert's signature Saturday morning, it's now official - Dixie State University.

(Copyright 2013 Sinclair Broadcasting Group)

Dixie State College Becomes A University

Source: http://kutv.com/news/top-stories/stories/dixie-state-college-becomes-university-3875.shtml?wap=0

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How We Work: Walter Glenn's Favorite Gear and Productivity Tricks

How We Work: Walter Glenn's Favorite Gear and Productivity TricksEvery week, we share the shortcuts, workspaces, and productivity tips of our favorite experts and internet personalities. This week, however, we're giving you guys a glimpse into how we work, and all the tips and tricks that keep our blogging wheels spinning.

I'm fairly new to Lifehacker, so I wasn't around the last time we did these. I used to write computer books and corporate tech pieces and my workflow has changed pretty dramatically this past year. I've always been a desktop app guy, but now I've given almost all of that up.

How We Work: Walter Glenn's Favorite Gear and Productivity TricksLocation: Huntsville, Alabama
Current gig: Community Editor for Lifehacker
Current mobile device: iPhone 4. And yep?that's a bright red Otterbox on it. I love the freedom of not having to baby my phone and I never lose the thing.
Current computer: Custom-built Windows 8 PC. I also have a beat-up old HP dv1000 laptop that I keep thinking about replacing, but never get around to since everything I do with it these days is web-based.

What apps/software/tools can't you live without?

If there's a perfect system out there for me, I haven't found it yet. For years, I pretty much lived in Outlook and other Office apps. Now, I use Evernote for storing all my notes, random ideas, recipes, scanned documents, and so on. Dropbox is another must-have. I like that it's so dead-simple to use, reliable, and that they've managed to go toe-to-toe with some of the biggest names in the business for this long.

I use Google for almost everything else. Transitioning from Outlook to Gmail was difficult (and something I'd flirted with for a long time), but I'm glad I finally did it. Google Docs is also great for most of the work I do, but I admit I still keep Office around for the odd job because I'm so used to it and because I can still do a lot with it that I just can't do otherwise.

On my phone, I can't imagine going without Drafts (I still owe Thorin for turning me on to that one). It's lovely being able to capture a thought so quickly and then worry about where to send it later. I'm also a compulsive reader, so Kindle and Pocket both get a lot of use.

What's your workspace setup like?

How We Work: Walter Glenn's Favorite Gear and Productivity TricksI work almost exclusively in my home office. I'm a die hard PC gamer and love building systems, so you can pretty much guess my setup. I use a custom-built Windows 8 PC, dual monitors, and a pair of Bose Companion 2 desktop speakers. Only two speakers? Yes, because I do most of my gaming with a headset.

It's a hard thing for a writer and gamer to change to a different mouse and keyboard, so you'll see a couple of old-school choices on my desk. That's a Microsoft Natural Keyboard Pro and a Logitech MX518. The Natural Keyboard Pro is a split design and really saved my wrists from long hours of typing. It also has a great action on the keys that's somewhere between a stiff mechanical keyboard and the did-I-actually-press-a-key feel of most keyboards today. They stopped making them years ago, but when I heard they were going away, I bought half a dozen and stuck them in a closet. And the MX518 because, well, they stopped making new mice after they got it right, didn't they?

The desk itself is just a big, cheap corner desk I bought at some office store years ago. I like a lot of space to spread out. The middle section is large enough to hold a couple of big monitors and deep enough that there's plenty of space behind them for things I'd rather not look at. Although after reading about Whitson's setup, I'm seriously considering a door stopper stand. My favorite feature of my desk is the keyboard drawer. It's big, super sturdy, and both height- and tilt-adjustable with a single control. I usually have it lowered and tilted slightly away from me, but can raise it up flush my desk when I need to.

What's your best time-saving shortcut/life hack?

Saying no. For the longest time, I had a real problem saying no?a new project, a new client, a friend who wanted to do something I didn't really have time for. Somewhere along the line (and this came during my freelancing days), I learned that I could say no and it didn't have to cost me future business opportunities or friendships. It was a liberating revelation.

What's your favorite to-do list manager?

I got into the habit long ago of just using e-mail for my work to-do list. I'm in e-mail all the time anyway and it's so easy to shoot myself a message when there's something I need to to. I can use all the standard e-mail features (labels, filters, and so on) to sort them out and when I'm done, they're off to a Done folder. Too simple. I've looked at all kinds of to-do apps, but there are none that have really grabbed me so far. I'm still holding out hope that the folks at Evernote will put something cool together.

How We Work: Walter Glenn's Favorite Gear and Productivity TricksFor my personal to-do list, if it's time-based I stick it on my calendar. If it's not, I just try to remember. That usually works out pretty well. For my calendar, I favor paper. It may sound crazy, but I just love having a huge paper calendar on my desk that I can write and draw and circle things on, with plenty of space for notes and post-its. Plus, it gives me a good reason to keep my colored pencils around.

Besides your phone and computer, what gadget can't you live without?

Probably the navigation system in my car (currently a TomTom). When I'm in a place I don't really know, I like to explore. Having a GPS in the car lets me do that without ever worrying about finding my way back if I need to. Also, after you've done service for a few years as Dad-Taxi, not having to rely on your children for instructions to their new friends' homes is nice.

What everyday thing are you better at than everyone else? What's your secret?

I'm an excellent sounding board. I'm good at listening to people's ideas and helping them figure out how to make them even better or combine them with other peoples' ideas to create something really fresh.

What do you listen to while you work?

Mostly, nothing. I spend most of my work day reading and writing and I like to do that in silence. At other times, it really depends on what I'm doing. When I drive, I favor podcasts and audiobooks. I use iTunes to organize my library and sync my phone, but I mostly use Spotify to actually listen to music. I'm also a fan of Stereomood, because sometimes it's nice to just pick how you're feeling and have it queue up a nice long playlist.

What's your sleep routine like?

I've always been a night owl. When I was freelancing, my hours were near-vampiric. Now, I work during the days but since I work from home, I still don't have to be a super early riser. I like to wake up, grab a cup of coffee, and sit down directly at my desk to start working. A 30-second commute really helps with that. If I start my day still a little groggy, my brain doesn't distract me so much and I can dive right in. By the time my brain fully awakens, I've got it just where I want it.

Are you more of an introvert or an extrovert?

Tests score me straight down the middle. I like working with people, love being with family and friends, and also love my time alone. I think it's a misconception that introverts don't like being with people and extroverts don't like being alone. It's more about how you recharge your batteries. When considered that way, I'd have to say I'm an introvert. As much as I enjoy being with people, being alone is where I get my charge.

Is there anyone you'd kill to see answer these same questions?

How We Work: Walter Glenn's Favorite Gear and Productivity Tricks I was told I would not be asked to incriminate myself during these interviews. Still, there are a couple of people I'd love to see do How I Work. John Cleese is funny and awesome, sure, but he also has some really interesting ideas about creativity and the space you make for it to happen. Seriously. It's kind of long, but give this video a watch. We can always get back to me when you're done.

I'm also going to jump on the bandwagon and say how much I'd like to see Alton Brown come show his stuff. He's probably the most name-checked life hacker in the history of the site, so we might as well get him on record.

What's the best advice you've ever received?

"Take the job at Lifehacker. You spend all your time there, anyway." - My family.

My other favorite piece of advice probably wasn't intended for me directly, but I like to pretend that it was. And yes, I'm going to drop a quote on you:

"Learn from everyone. Follow no one. Watch for patterns. Work like hell."

That's advice on being successful from a TED talk given by Scott McCloud, the guy who wrote the inestimable Understanding Comics. And now I'm going to give you a piece of advice. Read his book. Even if you're not the least bit into comics, read his book. I always recommend it to anyone who does anything even remotely creative in their work or personal life (so, everyone really). One of my former editors sent it to me with a note that just said "You're Welcome."

Is there anything else you'd like to add that might be interesting to readers/fans?

I was given this career advice when I was younger and I recently gave it to my son, who's in high school now. Forget doing what you love; do what you enjoy. When it comes to careers, it's easy to fall in love with the idea of being, say, a doctor and then come to find years later that you just don't enjoy the job.

So first, think about how you enjoy spending your day. Do you like being alone or with people? Do you like sitting in front of a computer or moving around? Do you like solving problems? And get specific. If you like working with people, do you prefer working with them one-on-one, in teams, talking to groups. Then start looking at things that fit your style. Everyone should enjoy how they spend their days.

Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/lifehacker/full/~3/AmqDPDnGc4w/how-we-work-walter-glenns-favorite-gear-and-productivity-tricks

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Friday, February 15, 2013

Iran hints military site access if overall deal with IAEA

Iran hinted Tuesday that inspection of the Parchin military site by the International Atomic Energy Agency would be possible in the context of a "comprehensive agreement" that recognises its right to peaceful nuclear energy.

"We are ready to reach a comprehensive agreement with the (IAEA) in which the nuclear rights of our country, under the Non Proliferation Treaty, are recognised," foreign ministry spokesman Ramin Mehmanparast told reporters.

"Naturally under such agreement which includes the removal of ambiguities and concerns of the Agency, the issue of visiting Parchin military may be part of this agreement," Mehmanparast said at his weekly briefing.

His remarks came as an IAEA delegation headed for Tehran where they are due to meet Iranian officials on Wednesday for the eight round of talks in a year, and the third such trip in the past three months.

The UN nuclear watchdog will "work hard" to resolve differences with Iran over its nuclear programme at talks in Tehran, the body's chief inspector, Herman Nackaerts, told reporters at Vienna airport on Tuesday.

"Differences remain... we will work hard to try to resolve these differences," Nackaerts said as he boarded a plane for Tehran. "We will have good negotiations."

The IAEA wants Iran to grant it access to nuclear sites, particularly Parchin, as well as people and documents that can help provide information on its November 2011 report into Tehran's nuclear activities.

In the report, the IAEA said it had credible information that Iran had worked to develop nuclear weapons before 2003 and possibly again since then.

Tehran insists that its nuclear programme is for peaceful purposes.

The IAEA believes that activity relevant to nuclear weapons development took place at the Parchin military base near Tehran.

But the Islamic republic says the IAEA already visited Parchin twice in 2005 and found nothing untoward. The agency counters that new information obtained since then makes it want to go back.

The IAEA also says that because of activity at Parchin spotted by satellite, including moving "considerable" volumes of earth, its inspections there will be "seriously undermined" if it ever goes.

As a signatory of the NPT, Iran has to submit its nuclear facilities to inspection by the agency, but insists that Parchin is a military site and therefore not subject to the inspection.

burs/hkb/bpz

Source: http://www.spacewar.com/reports/Iran_hints_military_site_access_if_overall_deal_with_IAEA_999.html

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Lake Washington School District, state sees spike in homeless students

By MATT PHELPS
Kirkland Reporter Regional Assistant Editor
February 14, 2013 ? 5:13 PM

Most people envision panhandlers and adults sleeping in doorways in downtown Seattle when they think of the homeless. The vision of a homeless first grader is not readily available to most.

But the numbers released this past week by the Washington State Superintendent of Public Instruction?s office paint a stark picture of homeless students in Eastside school districts in 2011-2012. And current numbers are even more severe.

?As of Friday, Feb. 8 we have 209 students identified as homeless under the McKinney Vento Act; last year on Feb. 10, we had 169,? said Lake Washington School District (LWSD) spokesperson Kathryn Reith. ?We had been running about 10 percent higher this year than last until a jump after winter break raised the number.?

Under the federal McKinney-Vento Act, all school districts are required to track the number of students identified as homeless in their district, and they also have certain obligations to those homeless students.

McKinney-Vento defines a student as homeless if he or she lacks a fixed, regular and adequate nighttime residence.

In practical terms, the student is classified as homeless if he or she lives in emergency or transitional shelters; motels, hotels, trailer parks or camping grounds; shared housing due to loss of housing or economic hardship; hospitals secondary to abandonment or awaiting foster care placement; cars, parks, public spaces, abandoned buildings, substandard housing or similar situations; or public or private places not ordinarily used as sleeping accommodations for humans.

The count for 2011-2012 was already at a high level for the Eastside.

?For the four Eastside school districts I looked at, 686 students were identified as homeless during the 2011-12 school year,? said policy Director Kelly Rider of the Housing Development Consortium. ?A large number of young kids are homeless particularly in the Lake Washington School District.?

The LWSD led the way with an estimated 213 homeless kids, Bellevue was second with 185 and the Northshore School District (NSD) has 151 homeless students.

?We do have a larger overall enrollment than our neighboring districts, which may explain the higher number,? said Reith. ?Where our concern lies first is in how we as a school district can help students continue to learn and have stability during the school day while their families are working to regain stability for the rest of their day. Second, if we can help connect the family to services that can help them meet their basic needs, we want to do that.?

The trend during the past five years has been increasing, according to Reith. In 2006-2007 there was believed to be 27-28 students identified as homeless. But that trend could be due to the efforts by the LWSD in tracking the problem.

?We have also been working on doing a better job of identifying homeless students, so it?s hard to tell how much the increases in homelessness have been and how much (better we have gotten) at finding which students and families are homeless,? said Reith.

Some of the resources the district can help with are free breakfasts and lunches at school through a federal program, school supplies, Pantry Packs for weekends, Basic Need Packs, including toiletries and other essentials, transportation needs, school athletic and club participation fees at the secondary level, summer school or extra tutoring, as well as helping families connect with community resources to meet the needs of their situation.

Many of these items are provided through fundraising by other organizations like the PTSA, Lake Washington Schools Foundation and other groups.

The numbers released by the state on the 2011-2012 school year were alarming to officials who work with homeless youth daily.

?These numbers are high but they don?t represent all the kids in the community that are homeless,? said President and CEO of Friends of Youth Terry Pottmeyer. ?A lot of kids don?t report that they are in need of stable housing.?

Friends of Youth is an Eastside non-profit organization committed to helping homeless kids.

It can be very difficult for kids to come forward and it may be easy to keep their situation concealed from school administration.

?Of course, as with most homelessness data, these numbers too are likely under-estimates, as it only includes students who identified themselves as homeless to a school staff member,? said Rider. ?Many other kids may be living in their family?s car, for instance, but be unwilling to admit it to their peers or teachers.?

The most striking thing about the numbers from 2011-2012 are how many are of the younger age levels. Twenty pre-kindergarten students were listed as homeless, while nearly 60 were between kindergarten and third grade. Bellevue had the most kindergartners with 21, while Issaquah had the most first graders with 19.

One of the most stunning trends in the numbers was how the numbers decline as the kids get older, but that could be due to how willing those kids are to admitting they are homeless. LWSD had the most homeless kids on the Eastside in grades 2, 3 and 9. LWSD was also anomalous as it nearly doubled the next closest district?s total with 23 seniors in high school reporting they were homeless.

?Many older kids want to continue to fit in,? said Pottmeyer. ?They want to do everything they can to appear normal and won?t self report. Some are couch surfing and living with someone else. They don?t think they are homeless.?

Pottmeyer said that during the past two years Friends of Youth has seen a dramatic 48 percent increase in the use of their services. The organization has outreach vans and a new drop-in shelter in Redmond where homeless youth can get a shower and food among other essential support. Friends of Youth also has an underage home in Kenmore for boys with five beds, and a home for girls in Bellevue.

Washington state receives about $950,000 per year from the federal government to help homeless students. That money is given to districts in the form of competitive grants, with money going to districts with the greatest need.

The Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction stated that 27,390 students reported being homeless statewide during the 2011-2012 school year. That number is up 5.1 percent from 2010-11 and up 46.7 percent from 2007-08.

?

Contact Kirkland Reporter Regional Assistant Editor Matt Phelps at mphelps@kirklandreporter.com or 425-822-9166 ext. 5052.

Source: http://feeds.soundpublishing.com/~r/kirnews/~3/VjKNsBp4c0k/191322831.html

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Soybeans extend declines as Chinese demand wanes

Associated Press

Posted on February 14, 2013 at 4:01 PM

Updated today at 4:01 PM

NEW YORK (AP) ? Soybeans are falling after the U.S. government reported weaker demand for the crop from Chinese buyers.

March soybeans fell 5 cents to $14.18 a bushel Thursday. The contract has declined six out of the last seven days and is down 3.5 percent this month.

Wheat fell 3.5 cents to $7.32 a bushel. Corn for March delivery also edged lower, falling 0.75 cents to $6.9475 a bushel. The grain has now dropped for the last 10 trading days.

Metals all fell, with silver leading the declines.

March silver dropped 51.60 cents to $30.3530 an ounce. Gold for April delivery fell $9.60 to $1,635.50 an ounce.

Business Video
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Source: http://www.ktvb.com/news/business/191280801.html

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Thursday, February 14, 2013

Meet the Antidepressants That Ease Depression in Hours?Not Weeks

So let's say you're really depressed and haven't been able to pull yourself out of your misery. You somehow find the energy to see a doctor and she gives you a prescription for an antidepressant.?Then you find out the drug will take about four to six weeks to work, if it works at all.

Depression is a wicked condition that weighs heavy on the lives of millions of Americans?about one in ten, in fact. Antidepressants help, as do and other forms of therapy?such as "talk" therapies (e.g., counseling, psychotherapy). But the problem is time. People who are depressed need help now, not two months from now.

In other words, what the world could really use is a drug that eases depression quickly. Thankfully, that's one of the most interesting areas of research in mental-healthcare. Scientists say that in the not-too-distant future ?they'll be able to develop a so-called "fast-acting" antidepressant that works in a matter of days, not weeks or months.

Feeling Blue? Let Dr. Feel Good Make a House Call

Two existing drugs?ketamine and scopolamine?have become the major focus of research efforts at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). In addition to the delay in seeing benefits from most antidepressants, "it's not unusual for someone to need a combination of therapies," before experiencing relief from the worst of their symptoms, Maura Furey, a scientist at the NIMH, told TakePart.

A major study on the effectiveness of antidepressants found that only about 30 percent of people saw their symptoms dissipate after an average of seven weeks on their first antidepressant. Many others continue dealing with the effects of depression four to six months after beginning treatment. "[Finding] something that could work overnight or in a few days would have a potentially huge impact," she says.

Scientists discovered the drug ketamine could snap some people with major depression out of their illness in a matter of hours.

The idea of a fast-acting antidepressant first emerged more than a decade ago when scientists discovered the drug ketamine could snap some depressed people out of their illness in a matter of hours. Ketamine is an anesthetic, mostly used in animals, that targets receptors in the brain known as NDMA.

Blood Test for Depression Proves It's Not All in Your Head

However, the drug is not currently fit for therapeutic use in people. It causes hallucinations, disorientation, and amnesia. Researchers have since tried to create a drug like ketamine but without the side effects. A study?published last year in the journal Science examined a ketamine-like drug called AZD6765 and found that 18 percent of people who took the medication had a full remission of their depression, lasting two days, compared to ten percent of those taking a placebo.

Furey says that scopolamine?best known as a motion sickness treatment?may have more potential as a fast-acting antidepressant. In 2006, Furey and her colleagues discovered its anti-depressive benefits. Unlike ketamine, scopolamine works through the brain's acetylcholine chemical messenger system, which plays a role in memory and how information is processed. The NIMH team's research showed that by blocking receptors for acetylcholine on neurons, scopolamine could lift depression in many patients within a few days.

"One important thing," notes Furey, "is that it doesn't work for everybody. But when it works, it works very quickly." Scopolamine has some side effects, like drowsiness and dry mouth. Moreover, there?s some negative Internet buzz about the drug. The side effects of scopolamine aren't bad, Furey says, "but it doesn't have a great reputation. There are some people who claim it has been used in date-rape type of stuff, which I haven't seen. It makes people a little bit nervous, which I understand."

U.S. Mental Illness Rates Are Persistently High

There are also questions about how scopolamine, or any fast-acting antidepressant, would be used in the real world. If the drug works within a day or so, how long would therapy need to last? What are the chances that the depression would return after the medication is stopped? "We don't know how feasible it is to use these medications to treat people," Furey says. "How do we design a treatment protocol to work long-term? That has not been evaluated yet."

Still, the research so far is illuminating some fascinating things about the nature of depression. For example, depressed patients have a well-known tendency to process and remember negative emotions. The researchers suggest this tendency emerges from dysfunction in the acetylcholine system of the brain in some patients. In a recent study, Furey and her colleagues found that a boost of activity in the brain occurring when the brain is processing emotional information predicted who would respond to scopolamine.

This brain-activity test could be used to predict how people will respond to depression treatments, Furey says.

The study also suggests that researchers should consider designing? antidepressants that work on the acetylcholinergic system of the brain. Modern antidepressants work on the serotonin or norephinephrine systems of the brain.

It may take at least five more years for a fast-acting antidepressant to reach the marketplace, but in the meantime, some people are using scopolamine off-label?something that is not advisable, Furey says. "We're not encouraging people to use it on their own," she stresses. "People call me telling me they are using it. And some physicians are prescribing it off-label. But I think that makes most physicians uncomfortable."

Would you try a fast-acting antidepressant? Have you had success with existing antidepressant? Did you need to wait to see benefits and/or adjust your dosage or try other drugs?

Related Stories on TakePart:

? The Toll of War: Service Members With PTSD Get Help, but More is Needed

? Sneak Peek: Psychiatry's 'Bible' Is Updated After Nearly 20 Years

? Mental Illness: Don't Throw Out the Good with the Bad

?

Shari Roan is an award-winning health writer based in Southern California. She is the author of three books on health and science subjects.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/meet-antidepressant-eases-depression-hours-not-weeks-172649047.html

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Sports Paralympian Oscar Pistorius shoots girlfriend

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  • Source: http://www.tajikistannews.net/index.php/sid/212566612/scat/hfu8sjsy4hjfjdha

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    Neighbors prep militaries after NKorean nuke test

    South Korean protesters burn an effigy of North Korean leader Kim Jong Un during an anti-North Korea rally to denounce North Korea's nuclear test in Seoul, South Korea, Wednesday, Feb. 13, 2013. A day after North Korea defied U.N. warnings with a nuclear test, Pyongyang?s neighbors turned Wednesday to the business of bolstering their military preparations and sending out scientists to determine whether the detonation was as successful as the North claimed. (AP Photo/Ahn Young-joon)

    South Korean protesters burn an effigy of North Korean leader Kim Jong Un during an anti-North Korea rally to denounce North Korea's nuclear test in Seoul, South Korea, Wednesday, Feb. 13, 2013. A day after North Korea defied U.N. warnings with a nuclear test, Pyongyang?s neighbors turned Wednesday to the business of bolstering their military preparations and sending out scientists to determine whether the detonation was as successful as the North claimed. (AP Photo/Ahn Young-joon)

    A man looks through the wire fence covered with ribbons carrying messages of people's wish for the reunification of the two Koreas at the Imjingak Pavilion near the border village of Panmunjom, which has separated the two Koreas since the Korean War, in Paju, north of Seoul, South Korea, Wednesday, Feb. 13, 2013. Defying U.N. warnings, North Korea on Tuesday conducted its third nuclear test in the remote, snowy northeast, taking a crucial step toward its goal of building a bomb small enough to be fitted on a missile capable of striking the United States. (AP Photo/Lee Jin-man)

    South Korean army soldiers patrol by the national flags and ribbons, wishing for the reunification of the two Koreas, attached on the barbed-wire fence at the Imjingak Pavilion near the border village of Panmunjom, which has separated the two Koreas since the Korean War, in Paju, north of Seoul, South Korea, Wednesday, Feb. 13, 2013. Defying U.N. warnings, North Korea on Tuesday conducted its third nuclear test in the remote, snowy northeast, taking a crucial step toward its goal of building a bomb small enough to be fitted on a missile capable of striking the United States. (AP Photo/Lee Jin-man)

    A South Korean protester shouts slogans near an effigy of North Korean leader Kim Jong Un during an anti-North Korea rally to denounce North Korea's nuclear test in Seoul, South Korea, Wednesday, Feb. 13, 2013. A day after North Korea defied U.N. warnings with a nuclear test, Pyongyang?s neighbors turned Wednesday to the business of bolstering their military preparations and sending out scientists to determine whether the detonation was as successful as the North claimed.(AP Photo/Ahn Young-joon)

    South Korean army soldiers patrol along barbed-wire fences at the Imjingak Pavilion, near the demilitarized zone of Panmunjom, in Paju, South Korea, Tuesday, Feb. 12, 2013. South Korea is confirming that North Korea has tested a nuclear device in defiance of U.N. orders to stop building atomic weapons. (AP Photo/Ahn Young-joon)

    (AP) ? North Korea's neighbors bolstered their military preparations and mobilized scientists Wednesday to determine whether Pyongyang's third nuclear test, conducted in defiance of U.N. warnings, was as successful as the North claimed.

    The detonation was also the focus of global diplomatic maneuvers, with U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry reaching out to counterparts in Seoul, Beijing and Tokyo. President Barack Obama used his State of the Union address to assure U.S. allies in the region and warn of "firm action."

    "Provocations of the sort we saw last night will only isolate them further as we stand by our allies, strengthen our own missile defense and lead the world in taking firm action in response to these threats," Obama said.

    The nuclear device detonated Tuesday at a remote underground site in the northeast is seen as a crucial step toward North Korea's goal of building a bomb small enough to be fitted on a missile capable of striking the United States.

    North Korea said it tested a "smaller and light A-bomb, unlike the previous ones, yet with great explosive power." Still, just what happened in the test was unclear to outsiders.

    Intelligence officials and analysts in Seoul raised the possibility of another nuclear test and of ballistic missile test-launches. North Korea's Foreign Ministry said the latest test was merely its "first response" to what it called U.S. threats and that Pyongyang will continue with unspecified "second and third measures of greater intensity" if Washington maintains its hostility.

    South Korea has raised its military readiness alert level, and on Wednesday it used aircraft and ships, as well as specialists on the ground, to collect air samples to analyze possibly increased radiation from the test, according to the Defense Ministry. Japanese fighter jets were dispatched immediately after the test to collect atmospheric samples. Japan has also established monitoring posts, including one on its northwest coast, to collect similar data.

    Underground nuclear tests often release radioactive elements into the atmosphere that can be analyzed to determine key details about the blast. One of the main points that intelligence officials want to know is whether the device was a plutonium bomb or one that used highly enriched uranium, which would be a first for North Korea.

    In 2006 and 2009, North Korea is believed to have tested devices made of plutonium. But in 2010, Pyongyang revealed it was trying to enrich uranium, which would be a second source of nuclear bomb-making materials ? a worrying development for the United States and its allies.

    Generally, it takes about two days for such radioactive byproducts from the North's test site to reach South Korea, Defense Ministry spokesman Kim Min-seok said Wednesday.

    South Korea also said Wednesday it has deployed cruise missiles with "world-class accuracy and destructive power" that are capable of hitting any target in North Korea at any time, and is speeding up the planned deployment of ballistic missiles.

    Kim said Seoul believes North Korea made test preparations at two underground tunnels and may still be able to conduct another atomic test in the second unused tunnel.

    In an emergency session, the U.N. Security Council unanimously said the test poses "a clear threat to international peace and security" and pledged further action.

    It remains to be seen, however, whether China will sign on to any new, binding global sanctions. Beijing, Pyongyang's primary trading partner, has resisted measures that would cut off North Korea's economy completely.

    The test was a defiant North Korean response to U.N. orders that it shut down its atomic activity or face more sanctions and international isolation. It will likely draw more sanctions from the United States and other countries at a time when North Korea is trying to rebuild its moribund economy and expand its engagement with the outside world.

    The test "was neither a surprise nor an occasion for panic," said Robert Hathaway, director of the Woodrow Wilson Center's Asia program. "Nonetheless, this latest provocation clearly constitutes a serious challenge to U.S. and international efforts to block the North from acquiring a nuclear weapons arsenal."

    Tuesday's test was North Korea's first since young leader Kim Jong Un took power over a country long estranged from the West. The test will likely be portrayed in North Korea as a strong move to defend the nation against foreign aggression, particularly from the U.S.

    The U.N. Security Council recently punished North Korea for a rocket launch in December that the U.N. and Washington called a cover for a banned long-range missile test. Pyongyang said it was a peaceful launch of a satellite into space. In condemning that launch, the council demanded a stop to future launches and ordered North Korea to respect a ban on nuclear activity or face "significant action" by the U.N.

    It wasn't immediately clear to outside experts whether the device exploded Tuesday was small enough to fit on a missile. A successful test would take North Korean scientists a step closer to building a nuclear warhead that could reach U.S. shores ? seen as the ultimate goal of North Korea's nuclear program.

    Uranium would be a worry because plutonium facilities are large and produce detectable radiation, making them easier for outsiders to find and monitor. However, uranium centrifuges can be hidden from satellites, drones and nuclear inspectors in caves, tunnels and other hard-to-reach places. Highly enriched uranium also is easier than plutonium to engineer into a weapon.

    "North Korea will want to send a message that its nuclear and missile issues cannot be resolved with sanctions and that high-level talks with the U.S. are necessary," said Cheong Seong-chang, an analyst at the private Sejong Institute in South Korea, referring to the possibility of another nuclear or missile test.

    Despite tensions, he predicted U.S.-North Korea diplomatic talks could occur later this year.

    "The biggest U.S. concern is whether the North has made progress in its uranium enrichment program. It's a matter of nuclear proliferation. To resolve this, the U.S. cannot help but talk with North Korea," he said.

    ___

    Associated Press writers Sam Kim in Seoul, South Korea, Eric Talmadge in Tokyo and Edith M. Lederer at the United Nations contributed to this report.

    Associated Press

    Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2013-02-13-NKorea/id-e4ca4a62d3024178a47d317874fbe6e4

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    American Airlines-US Airways: What it means for you

    Now that the long-rumored merger between American Airlines and US Airways is finally a reality, travelers may be nervous about what?s next -- and rightly so.

    ?There will be winners and losers,? said Tim Winship, editor and publisher of FrequentFlier.com.

    Here are some of the consequences you can expect with the creation of the world?s newest mega-carrier.

    Airfares won?t immediately shoot higher
    Fliers planning a trip on either carrier don?t need to worry that tickets will suddenly become more expensive overnight. Nothing will probably change in the very near term, said George Hobica, founder of Airfarewatchdog.com.

    ?It?s going to take them quite a while before these two airlines are actually one airline,? he predicted.

    But airfares will eventually increase
    When the merger is finally consummated and the combined airline starts cutting or combining routes, fares will go up, especially for business travelers who do same-day round trips, don?t stay over Saturday night or don?t have an advance purchase, Hobica said.

    Routes that will be most affected are those that American and US Airways both flew non-stop, such as Charlotte, N.C., to Miami; and Dallas to Philadelphia, he added.

    ?We?ve seen this happen time and time again in previous mergers,? Hobica said.

    Rick Seaney, CEO of FareCompare.com, noted that competition is the main driver of cheaper airline ticket prices, so with fewer carriers competing for your business, there?s less incentive to cut fares.

    ?The only good news is that if airlines get too frisky with higher prices, consumers will let them know quickly by cutting back on air travel,? Seaney said. ?With so few domestic airlines ... consumers? wallet size will be the last line of defense.?

    The transition will be a pain for travelers
    There?s no doubt about it: Fliers will likely have to endure some computer glitches, reservation snafus and system hiccups when the two airlines begin to integrate their operations.

    Typically, there are problems during mergers, Hobica said, though he pointed out that the marriage between Delta Air Lines and Northwest went smoothly.

    But just look at United Airlines, which experienced several major computer problems last year as it tried to combine systems after its merger with Continental. In some cases, passengers were stranded for hours.

    ?I would be very surprised if there were no glitches,? Winship said. ?At the end of the day, the new company will be the world?s largest airline ... that won?t happen without a lot of pain.?

    He recommended that frequent fliers check their accounts carefully just to make sure all of their miles show up correctly after the two carriers become one.

    Elite-status fliers expecting an upgrade may be in for a surprise
    When the two airlines? frequent flier programs merge, there will suddenly be an overabundance of elite-status members competing for perks, particularly upgrades, Winship noted.

    ?There are only so many upgrades to go around,? he said. ?At least in the first year, it?s going to be very difficult ? especially for lower-level elites ? (to get upgraded) because they have the lowest priority ... it?s going to be a serious problem for people who have made it a priority to earn elite status.?

    Longer term, the sudden glut of elites may ease somewhat because fliers will have to requalify to get their status for the following year, Winship said.

    Still, airlines industry-wide have been cutting back on benefits for lower-level elites so that carriers have more to offer for their most profitable customers, he added.

    Hobica thinks the combined airline will follow the Delta model, which will reward passengers who spend the most money on tickets, not just fly the most miles.

    The new airline will be stronger
    This is the good news about the marriage of American Airlines and US Airways, experts said. The new carrier is poised to deliver a better product and become a bigger player on a global scale.

    ?(The merger) is likely to make the combined entities stronger in the long run ? thus more profitable,? Seaney said.

    ?With financial stability airlines can improve their woefully neglected product. Consumers will be much more likely to board their next flight on a plane built this century and in many cases even this decade.?

    Hobica noted that international carriers, such as Turkish Airlines, are starting to add routes from U.S. airports, hoping to siphon off lucrative international travelers, especially those flying in international business class. The merger will help the new airline compete with those carriers, Hobica said.

    ?It will definitely be stronger,? he added.

    Source: http://www.nbcnews.com/travel/travelkit/5-things-american-airlines-us-airways-merger-means-you-1C8346370

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    Sewage lagoons remove most -- but not all -- pharmaceuticals

    Feb. 14, 2013 ? 2012 marked the 40th anniversary of the Clean Water Act, which established regulations for the discharge of pollutants to waterways and supported the building of sewage treatment plants. Despite these advances, sewage remains a major source of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and naturally occurring hormones found in the environment.

    Many rural communities in the United States use aerated lagoon systems to treat their wastewater. The wastewater is pumped into at least one humanmade aerated lagoon, in which oxygen-loving and anaerobic microorganisms remove many of the contaminants. The water is then pumped into a series of other lagoons. Finally, the resulting water, known as the effluent, is discharged directly into a receiving stream.

    The drugs, chemicals and hormone contaminants such as ibuprofen, caffeine and ethinyl estradiol from urban sewage treatment plants have been studied and monitored widely, but their occurrence in rural lagoon treatment systems is often overlooked.

    In a new study led by Wei Zheng, a senior research scientist at the Illinois Sustainable Technology Center and an adjunct faculty member in the University of Illinois department of natural resources and environmental sciences, researchers determined the effectiveness of rural lagoon systems at removing these compounds from wastewater. The research was conducted jointly with the Illinois State Water Survey. The study appears in the journal Science of the Total Environment.

    Scientists collected water samples in September and November from a rural wastewater treatment plant located in a small town in Illinois. The facility treats sewage wastewater in two aerated lagoons, using a sand tank for filtration. The effluent streams into a creek that flows into the Mackinaw River. The researchers collected samples from various steps during the treatment process for analysis.

    The researchers then tested the samples for the presence of 21 commonly used PPCPs and hormones, including caffeine and ibuprofen.

    The team found that the lagoon treatment system reduced concentrations of most of the tested compounds. The overall removal efficiency ranged from 88 to 100 percent in September, except for the compound carbamazepine, a drug used for the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder that is notoriously difficult to remove from wastewater. There were no detectable steroid hormones in the aerated lagoons and effluent.

    Interestingly, the samples collected in November contained higher concentrations of all detected PPCPs than the samples collected in September. According to Zheng, this is most likely because the microorganisms that break down the compounds work best in warm weather.

    Although the efficiency of rural sewage treatment lagoons is relatively high, this study shows that there is a significant increase in the occurrence of PPCPs in surrounding watersheds with the effluent discharge, which could change the rural aquatic environment.

    "Some compounds are easy to degrade and remove using this lagoon treatment system, but some compounds are persistent," Zheng said. "When these persistent compounds are introduced into the environment through effluent discharge, they may contaminate water sources and affect the watershed ecosystem."

    Because people eventually consume this water, the presence of PPCPs and steroid hormones is a concern, Zheng said.

    "Pharmaceutical residues are usually detected in the aquatic environment at very low concentrations, below their therapeutic doses employed for medical purposes," he said. "However, long-term chronic exposure to these emerging contaminants in water supplies may jeopardize human and aquatic habitat health."

    The research also is useful for addressing the potential risks of using rural sewage effluent for crop irrigation, especially as the occurrence of droughts increases, Zheng said.

    More research needs to be conducted to understand the environmental fate and negative effects of PPCP and hormone contaminants, but for now, Zheng is happy that the information he and his team found will benefit rural communities to properly utilize lagoon treatment systems to handle their wastewater and help state and federal agencies formulate prudent regulatory programs on agricultural irrigation of rural sewage effluents.

    "The (federal Environmental Protection Agency) doesn't have regulations or management strategies for controlling PPCP and hormone contaminants released from sewage effluents, so our information can raise the public's attention, help the EPA develop the best management strategies and thereby minimize the loading of these emerging contaminants into the environment and promote the safe and beneficial reuse of treated wastewater in U.S. agriculture," Zheng said.

    The Illinois Sustainable Technology Center is part of the Prairie Research Institute at the U. of I.

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    Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/bYA0HkI6gC8/130214120616.htm

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